Pentecost 17A
September 20, 2026
Matthew 20:1-16 (starting one verse earlier)
INTRODUCTION:
Today’s readings address one of the most basic values of humanity: fairness. From as early as nine months, humans demonstrate a sense of what is fair and what is not. And today’s readings will challenge our understanding of fairness. In Jonah, we’ll hear the lesser-known part of the story – Jonah has already been eaten and burped back up by the large fish (has hopefully showered), and has preached his short sermon about repentance to the people of Ninevah. Now he sits back to see God’s retribution on those sinful Assyrians, Israel’s enemies. Frankly, Jonah is looking forward to it! They deserve punishment! But God changes God’s mind… and Jonah is not impressed!
The parable of the workers in the field definitely challenges our sensibilities about fairness, as people who work one hour get paid the same as those who work 12. Our gut will say, “That’s not right!” But notice, Jesus doesn’t introduce the parable with, “This is how to run a business.” He says, “The kingdom of heaven is like this.”
In both stories we will see what it looks like, as Paul writes in Philippians, to “live a life worthy of the gospel” – and it might not look like our gut thinks it should! As you listen, notice how these stories make you feel – do they offend you? Do they make you feel a sense of justice, or frustration? Imagine yourself in the position of Jonah, of the 12-hour workers, and also, of the 1-hour workers. How do you experience the story in their shoes? Let’s listen.
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| The Red Vineyard, Van Gogh |
Grace to you and peace from God our Father and our Lord Jesus Christ. Amen.
When I was a kid, we had a copy Marlo Thomas’s book, Free to be…a Family. One of my favorite stories in it was about a family with three kids. The parents were committed to treating the kids fairly. The first was born, and they named him George. Then they had a little girl, who, in the name of fairness, they also named George. Their third child, another boy, was named… George. All three were given the same weekly allowance. They dressed the same. When one celebrated a birthday, they all celebrated. When one of the kids broke their wrist, they all got a cast. Eventually, the kids started to realize that this effort at being completely fair was not fair at all. They talked to their parents about it, and adjustments were made. The kids do, however, all decide to continue going by their shared given name of George.
It’s a cute story, and it was the first time I remember my simple, child’s understanding of fairness being challenged in a way that really stuck with me.
Jesus’ parable, though, is next level. Like last week’s parable, this one leaves us feeling offended, troubled, even shocked, because it challenges our sensibilities. We are conditioned to see the world in this particular way: that you do work, and are rewarded for it. You do less, you get less. This has worked well for societies for much of human history, as it motivates people to work. After all, why would anyone even bother to work hard if they can get the same reward for doing less?
Jesus’ famous line, “The last shall be first and the first shall be last,” bookends this parable, so we ought to know right up front that what he’s about to say is really going to mess with our understanding of how things ought to work. He begins the story by saying that the kingdom of heaven is like this landowner… and yet, even though we know the kingdom of heaven is topsy-turvy, we are still shocked by his so-called “generosity.” But why would we still expect the landowner to operate by the same principles as our broken world, full of pain and war and hunger?
Because we are just that conditioned to think that way. And yet, if we pull out of this parable for a moment and just consider what we expect the kingdom of heaven is like (rather than what a business is like), we might not be so surprised after all. For example, in the kingdom of heaven, which is not necessarily just an afterlife but is a place where God is the ruler and everything functions according to God’s will – in the kingdom of heaven:
• Is anyone hungry?
• Does anyone have to work three jobs, and still struggle to make ends meet?
• Is anyone homeless?
• Are there rich and poor, and different economic and social classes?
• Do people look down upon other people, or say they are less worthy, less deserving, or are not equal to them?
No. I think that in God’s economy, under God’s reign, everyone has what they need. As it’s described in Revelation, “They will hunger no more and thirst no more… and God will wipe away every tear from their eyes.” That’s what the kingdom of heaven is like!
And in this story, that is what the landowner, who is like the kingdom of heaven, is like. He gives to all the workers one denarius, which is what was understood to be a wage that covers one’s daily needs, one’s “daily bread” if you will. It’s not extravagant, but it is enough. For him, the question is not, “Did they work enough hours to deserve a day’s wage?” In God’s economy, the question is, “Did everyone get paid enough to feed their family?”
It sounds good in theory. But from our deeply embedded worldly way of seeing things, this is troubling – because if someone can get paid the same whether they work one hour or twelve, what’s to keep everyone from doing less next time, knowing they’ll get paid anyway, right?
I remember once in a Bible study, I suggested that God’s forgiveness and grace might be big enough that even someone like Hitler could be saved – that even if there is a hell, God’s grace is so big that no one is there. Someone asked, incredulous, “Well then what’s the point? What’s the point of trying to be a good person and do the right thing and live a Christian life, if everyone is going to heaven anyway?”
Well? What do you think? If God’s reign is such that even the people who only work one hour get everything the people who worked all day get… then what is the point in doing more than the bare minimum, not only practically but on a cosmic level? What’s the point?
The theological answer I think I gave that day, like a good Lutheran, was that we don’t do good works in order to be saved, but rather, because we already are saved. Good works spring naturally out of our saved nature! And I stand by that. But also, we strive for such a world as Jesus describes because life here and now is better when we do, for us and for others. God’s order doesn’t make sense to our human ways of operating, given the formation we have in a fairness and reward-based economy, because God’s grace is inherently unfair. Grace is, by definition, a gift we do not deserve and did nothing to earn. The economy Jesus describes here is not what humans envision, but what God envisions – and if God designed it, we know it is good. So, when we strive for that goodness, our lives and the lives of our neighbors are better, and more whole.
Now, to be clear, I’m not advocating for a communist government here. I know that practically speaking, that doesn’t work in the real world. But even within capitalism, the question that guides Christians who strive for the kingdom of heaven here and now should not be, “Do they deserve that?” If we are to live by the rules of God’s economy, the question should be, “Do they have what they need to live, to be healthy and whole?” And if the answer is no… then what can we do about it?
When we are baptized, we are given citizenship in God’s kingdom, the kingdom of heaven – this kingdom that Jesus describes. That means we subscribe to God’s way of doing things, even amidst the world telling us to view it otherwise. Many of us were baptized as babies, when we didn’t know better (or rather, when we lived in such a way that mirrored this economy, because don’t we all try to give babies exactly what they need when they need it, not as a reward but as a gift, even though they have done nothing to deserve it besides being cute?).
But in confirmation, once we have learned more about both God and the ways of the world, young people have a chance to stand before the congregation and say, “I still want to do this. I still want to strive for grace, and love, and compassion, over contempt and division and a reward-based economy in which some are more worthy than others. I still choose love.”
Today, Emma will reiterate the promises made at her baptism, and she will own them for herself: “to live among God’s faithful people, to hear the word of God and share in the Lord’s Supper, to proclaim the good news of God in Christ through word and deed, to serve all people, following the example of Jesus, and to strive for justice and peace in all the earth.” In short, she will promise, to the best of her ability and with God’s help, to live according to the teachings and guidelines of the kingdom of heaven that Jesus lays out, here and throughout his ministry.
It won’t be easy. And that is why we, her church community, will also gather around her both physically and with our prayers. We will pray for her, that by God’s help and guidance, she will find both the will and the way to live into God’s mission for her.
And as we do that, we will also remember that we, too, are called to live into that mission that we share: to serve all people, following Jesus’ example, to strive for justice and peace in all the earth, to live with an eye always toward love, mercy, grace and compassion toward our neighbor. May the God who has given us the will to do these things also graciously give us the strength and compassion to perform them.
Let us pray… Gracious God, we don’t always understand your ways, but we know that they are good. Help us, even when the world would say otherwise, to live lives worthy of the gospel. In the name of the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit. Amen






